Nhoroondo yekuvandudza uye mamiriro azvino eiyo yepasirese aerial inoshanda mota indasitiri

1. Indasitiri yepasi rose yemuchadenga yakatanga mukupera kwema1950, apo yainyanya kutevedzera yaimbova Soviet Union zvigadzirwa.Kubva mukupera kwema1970 kusvika pakati pema1980, indasitiri yese yakaronga madhizaini maviri akabatana.Imwe neimwe inogadzira mota dzemuchadenga inoshanda yakaunza tekinoroji yepamusoro yekunze.Semuyenzaniso, Beijing Aerial Operating Vehicle Plant yakaunza tekinoroji yeJapan Mitsubishi 15t yemukati memoto inopesana nemhepo inoshanda mumhepo.Dalian High-altitude Operating Vehicle General Factory yakaunza tekinoroji yeJapan Mitsubishi 1040t yemukati yekupisa yakaenzana neyemhepo inoshanda yemotokari uye mudziyo wemhepo unoshanda wemotokari tekinoroji, Tianjin Aerial Operating Vehicle General Factory yakaunza Bulgarian Balkan Vehicle Kambani 1.256.3t yemukati yekupisa mota yeGerman & Vehictor yeGerman iyo inoshanda yekupisa tekinoroji, Ohihou yeGerman inoshanda yekupisa & Vehik. yekambani hydrostatic drive aerial work car, off-road air work vehicle and electric aerial work technology, Hefei aerial work plant, Baoji aerial work company yakaunza Japanese TCM Corporation 110t aerial work tekinoroji, Hunan aerial work company Yakasuma mukati memoto inoputika-proof device technology yeBritish Pleban Machinery Company.Kutanga muma1990s, mamwe mabhizinesi akakosha anga achiunganidza nekusimudzira zvigadzirwa zvawo pahwaro hwekugaya uye kutora matekinoroji anotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Naizvozvo, yazvino tekinoroji nhanho yemotokari dzemuchadenga dzakagadzirwa nemhepo haina kuenzana.Pakati pavo, nekuda kwezvipingamupinyi zvekudzokera kumashure kwekutanga tekinoroji, iyo yakazara nhanho yemagetsi emagetsi ekushanda mota dzakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva pasirese yepamusoro.Zvichiri kudiwa kuunza kunze kwenyika dzinosvika mazana maviri emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica emotokari dzinoshanda mumhepo gore rega rega.Kana mota dzemuchadenga dzekuChina dzichikwanisa kukwikwidza mumusika wepasi rose uye kuramba dzisingakundiki mumakwikwi nevatambi vakasimba pasi rose zvinoenderana nekuvandudzwa kweyero yehunyanzvi hwekuita yemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga, kunyanya kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi emhepo.

2 Ongororo yemusika wemumba neyekunze

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune vanenge 250 vagadziri vemotokari dzepamusoro-soro pasi rose, nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwegore hunosvika mazana mashanu ezviuru.Nekuda kwemakwikwi akanyanya, zvichienzaniswa nema1980, indasitiri yemotokari dzemuchadenga yepasi rose yakaratidza chiitiko chisina kujairika chekuwedzera kwekutengesa uye kuderera kwepurofiti.Kune rimwe divi, kuti kuderedze mitengo, hofori dzepamusoro-soro dzinoshanda dzakavaka mafekitori mukusimudzira.Semuenzaniso, China yakavaka Xiamen Linde, Anhui TCM Beijing Halla, Hunan Destar, Yantai Daewoo Heavy Industry, uye Shanghai Hyster.Makambani aya akaunza zvigadzirwa zvepasirese uye matekinoroji pakati pemakore ekuma1990 munyika, izvo zvakasimudzira kukurumidza kusimudzira tekinoroji yemotokari yebasa remuchadenga, uye zvakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru pamusika wepamba.Kune rimwe divi, nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwemusika, chinzvimbo uye basa reiyo Logistics tekinoroji mukusimudzira hupfumi hwave huchiwedzera kuoneka, uye chiyero chekupinda chemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga chave chakakwira nepamusoro.Yakapinda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi hwenyika kubva kune imwechete port terminal munguva yakapfuura.industry.Ikozvino hesiti yemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga munyika yangu ingangoita 180,000 mayunitsi, uye iyo chaiyo yegore inogona kudiwa ingangoita zviuru zana, nepo chaiyo yegore yekutengesa inosvika zviuru makumi matatu chete.Zvinogona kuoneka kuti musika weChina wemotokari yebasa rakakura

Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwevanhu nezve njodzi dzekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kwave kutarisisa kunonyanya kunetseka munyika.Naizvozvo, zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari mota dzemuchadenga dzinozova huru pamusika;chechipiri, kugadzwa kwe otomatiki ekuchengetedza masisitimu uye masupamaketi mahombe akanyaradza kutarisisa kune emukati mekubata michina.Kukura kwekudiwa uye kukurumidza kusimudzira kwepamusoro-kushanda kwemagetsi emuchadenga mapuratifomu, kumberi-inoenda kumhepo mapuratifomu, nhete-yemugero mapuratifomu uye mimwe michina yekuchengetera chimwe chinhu chemusika wemuchadenga weramangwana;uyezve, kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi hwepasirese zvirokwazvo Kubatana kwenyika kwemaindasitiri epasirese kwakakonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekutengeserana pakati penyika uye mukati menyika.Mamwe data anoratidza kuti kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yepasirese kuri kuwedzera nechikamu che30% gore rega rega.Kuwedzera kwekutengeserana kuchasimudzira kukurumidza kusimudzira kwemazuva ano mabatiro emidziyo uye stacking michina.

3 Kuvandudza maitiro emazuva ano emhepo basa remotokari tekinoroji

3.1 Kuteedzera uye kusiyanisa kwezvigadzirwa

Zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekuisa yeAmerican Industrial Vehicle Association, mota dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga dzakakamurwa kuita 123456 uye 77 zvikamu, zvinova zvemagetsi kukwira-pamhepo mota, dzemagetsi dzakatetepa-nzira dzemhepo dzinoshanda mota, emagetsi pallet marori, uye emukati anopisa anopesana akasimba matayi anoshanda emhepo., Internal combustion counterbalanced pneumatic tire aerial operating vehicles, magetsi uye mukati memoto anotasva matirairi uye off-road aerial operating vehicles.MunaJuly 1999, iyo yeAmerican "inobata" magazini yemazuva ano inonzi Nyika Epotery Lind 12, 3komatsu 1, 4, 4 na 5nissan12, 3, 4 uye 5TCM14 uye SEAECK Kambani yeGermantiri kuChina *Anhui Aerial Operating Vehicle Group, kambani hombe inogadzira mota dzemuchadenga, inogadzira 116t, giredhi gumi nemashanu, makumi masere emhando dzinopfuura mazana mana emhando dzemotokari dzinoshanda mumhepo.Makambani ese emotokari anoshanda emuchadenga anoshandisa kusiyanisa kwemhando dzechigadzirwa uye akateedzana kuti agadzirise zvizere kune zvinodiwa nevashandisi vakasiyana, akasiyana ekushanda zvinhu nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda, uye kuvhura zvimiro zvitsva uye mhando nyowani nguva nenguva kusangana nezvinodiwa zvega ega zvevashandisi vane marudzi akawanda uye mabhechi madiki.

3.2 Greening inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi emagetsi emotokari

Mota dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga dzakakamurwa kuita dzemukati dzinopisa aerial dzinoshanda mota uye dzemagetsi aerial dzinoshanda mota.Iyo yemukati yekupisa yemhepo yebasa mota inofambiswa neinjini, ine simba rakasimba uye huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.Chinoipa ndechekuti gasi remhepo uye ruzha zvinosvibisa nharaunda uye zvinokuvadza hutano hwevanhu.Zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi: TCM yakagadziridza 3.58t dhiziri yemhepo yekushanda mota muma1970, ichichinja preheating combustion chamber kuti itungamire jekiseni, kuchengetedza 17% kusvika 20% yemafuta;Perkins injini yakatanga muromo wakatsetseka mukutanga kwema1980 Pakati pemakore ekuma1980, kambani yeGerman Deute yakagadzira F913G yakakosha injini yedhiziri yemotokari dzepamusoro-soro dzinoshanda, iyo inochengetedza mafuta ne60% uye inoderedza ruzha ne6dB.Sweden yakatanga dhiziri-battery hybrid high-altitude operating motokari;muma1990s, LPG Low-pollution high-altitude operation motokari dzakadai seLPG aerial work vehicles, compressed natural gas CNG aerial work cars, uye propane air work mota dziri pamusika, uye budiriro yadzo yakasimba.

Mota dzemagetsi dzemuchadenga dzebasa dzine zvakanakira senge yakakwira simba rekushandura kunyatsoita, hapana kubuda kwemhepo, uye ruzha rushoma.Ndivo chishandiso chinosarudzika chekubata zvinhu zvemukati, asi ivo vanoganhurirwa nehuwandu hwebhatiri, simba shoma uye nguva pfupi yekushandisa.Parizvino, kumba nekune dzimwe nyika vari kuvandudza tekinoroji ye-lead-asidi yebhatiri nguva nenguva, uye nekuvandudza kuchena kwezvinhu, yakavandudza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekuchaja, kugona uye kugona kwemagetsi.Nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, mota dzemagetsi dzemuchadenga dzebasa dzave kutyora muganho wekuti dzinogona kungoshandiswa pakuita matani madiki.Parizvino, kubuda kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzemuchadenga dzinoshanda pasi rose dzakaverengera makumi mana muzana ehuwandu hwemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga, dzepamba 10% 15%, Germany, Italy uye dzimwe dzeWestern Europe * dzemagetsi emhepo dzinoshanda dzinosvika 65%.

Mune ramangwana, mota dzepamusoro-soro dzinoshanda dzinoshandisa zvakanyanya jekiseni remagetsi uye tekinoroji yechitima.Iko kuvandudza kweinjini exhaust catalysis uye tekinoroji yekuchenesa inozodzikisa zvinobudirira gasi rinokuvadza uye kuburitswa kwechikamu.Motokari dzemafuta emuchadenga dzinoshanda seLPGCNG uye dzakasanganiswa aerial dzinoshanda mota dzichavandudzwa.Nekuedza kwakabatana kwemakambani makuru, bhatiri remafuta sero nyowani rinokunda kukanganisa kwemitengo uye kupinda mumusika mumabhechi.Parizvino, hofori dzepasi rose dzemotokari dziri kushanda pamwe chete pakutsvaga kwemotokari dzemagetsi.Kushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi emotokari, kutapurirana, kutonga, kuchengetedza uye mamwe matekinoroji kumotokari dzebasa remuchadenga kuchaita shanduko yemhando mukuita kwemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga.

3.3 Kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza uye high-tech kubatanidzwa kwe mechatronics uye hydraulics

Iko kuvandudza uye kushandiswa kweiyo microelectronics tekinoroji, sensor tekinoroji, uye tekinoroji yekugadzira ruzivo ichaita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza huwandu hwese hweindasitiri yemotokari dzemuchadenga, kuona mabasa akakomberedzwa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza, kutonga, uye otomatiki yemuchina wese nehurongwa.Ita kubatanidzwa kwemagetsi nemichina, zvemagetsi uye hydraulics padyo.Iko kuvandudza kweramangwana kwemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga kuri padanho rekushandisa rehunyanzvi hwayo hwemagetsi.

Kuziva kubatanidzwa kwe mechatronics uye hydraulics ine microprocessor sezvo musimboti ndiyo nhungamiro huru yekuvandudza sisitimu yekudzora yemotokari yebasa remuchadenga mune ramangwana, kureva, ine microprocessor seyakakosha, kutonga kunokura kubva kukutonga kwenzvimbo kuenda kune network, kuitira kuti mota yese igone kuchengetedza yakanakisa kushanda mamiriro , Kuziva hungwaru kushanda kwemarori ebasa remuchadenga.Kune mota dzemagetsi, iyo inochengetedza kuramba inomhanyisa controller yakabviswa, uye itsva MOSFET transistor yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kweiyo yakaderera gedhi * dhiraivha yazvino, yakanaka parallel control hunhu, uye software uye hardware otomatiki kugadzirisa uye hardware yekuzviongorora mabasa.Series excitation uye akaparadzana excitation controllers zvichiri zvinotungamira zvigadzirwa mumusika, uye AC kutonga tekinoroji iri muhucheche.Nekudzikiswa kwemutengo weiyo AC yekumhanyisa control system uye kusaziva kweyakavharwa AC mota tekinoroji, iyo AC mota yemuchadenga chikuva ichatsiva iyo DC mota yemuchadenga chikuva nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakura uye kuita kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa.Kushandiswa kwemagetsi dhizaini uye simba rekutungamira reshiyo kunogona kuchengetedza simba ne25%.Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda emotokari dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga, kumhanya kwemota kunogona kudzorwa nenguva, chiyero chinoshanda chekuchengetedza simba uye kudzikisa ruzha rwemotokari dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga.Uye zvakare, MOSFET transistors inogona kuchengetedza simba ne20% kana ichienzaniswa neresistive kumhanya mutemo.Yakaburitswa regenerative braking inogona kuchengetedza simba ne5% kusvika 8%.Kushandisa hydraulic mota controller uye kurodha inogona kudzoreredza simba tekinoroji inogona kuchengetedza simba ne20% uye 5% zvichiteerana.

3.4 Shandisa misimboti yeanthropology kutevera kudzora kunyaradza

Kambani yega yega yemotokari inoshanda mumhepo inokwidziridza uye inonatsiridza chimiro chemunhu-muchina wemotokari inoshanda yemuchadenga nguva nenguva kuita kuti kutonga kuve nyore, kuponesa-basa, nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana, uye kupa kutamba kwakazara kumuchina-muchina.Semuenzaniso, yakashongedzerwa nemaziso-inobata zviridzwa zvedhijitari uye maalarm ekuona mutsara wekutarisa mamiriro ekushanda;iyo cab inoyangarara inogona kufambiswa uye kusimudzwa kuitira kuti gavhuna awane huwandu hwakazara hwechiratidzo;centralized mubato kutonga kunotsiva akawanda mubato kutonga, uye zvemagetsi control inotsiva manual control;Uye zvishoma nezvishoma shandisa magetsi monitors uye urefu hunoratidza seyakajairwa dhizaini yeakakwira-kusimudza aerial mota dzebasa.

3.5 Industrial modelling design

Mumakore achangopfuura, makambani makuru akaunza mamodheru matsva ane chitarisiko chinobata maziso, achiratidza budiriro yemarori ebasa remuchadenga semota.Yakakwenenzverwa, hombe arc shanduko uye inopenya uye yakarongeka yemavara ekufananidza.Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yemakomputa, dhizaini yemadhizaini, matatu-dimensional yakasimba modhi, kukurumidza prototyping uye dzimwe nzira dzepamusoro dzekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira tekinoroji, kuenzanisira kwemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga kunowedzera uye kuwedzera hunyanzvi uye hunhu.

3.6 Cherekedza kuchengetedzeka, kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kwemotokari dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga

Kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemutyairi kwagara kuri kutarisisa kukuru kune vagadziri vemotokari dzebasa remuchadenga.Pamusoro pezviyero zvekuchengetedza zvakadai sekupaka, kutyaira mabhureki, kumberi kwekuzvivharira, uye kudzikisa kumhanya kunogumira, ine dhizaini yekutarisa inoshanda zvizere, dynamic braking system, anti-rollover system, uye kushandiswa kwemaseti matatu akazvimirira emagetsi control, hydraulic uye mechanical Iyo braking system inovandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika kwemotokari.Panguva imwecheteyo, kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi kwakagonesa tsvakiridzo yekuchengetedzwa kwemotokari dzinoshanda dzemuchadenga kuti dzikure munzira yehungwaru.Panyaya yekuvandudza kuchengetedza, kusimbiswa kunoiswa pakurerutsa kwe disassembly uye kuungana, kuungana kwezvikamu, centralized refueling, kuongorora uye kuongorora, kuwanika kwepamusoro kwezvikamu, uye kuderedzwa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu.

3.7

Parizvino, ivo vanonyanya kugadzira midziyo yekutakura midziyo yekutakura uye yekuisa muEurope, seKalmarSMV muSweden, BelottiCVSFantuzzi muItari, PPM muFrance, SISUValmet muFinland, uye Linde kuGermany.Kune mugadziri mumwe chete wepamba wemidziyo yemuchadenga yebasa mota, uye vaviri chete vanogadzira vanosvika stacker vaparidzi, kunyanya vachivimba nekunze.Mota dzemotokari dzemuchadenga dzebasa dzichiri dzakakosha midziyo yekubata uye kurongedza midziyo isina chinhu mumachiteshi ese emidziyo, zviteshi, uye zviteshi zvekufambisa, uye huwandu hwematanho ekurongedza huri kuwedzera.Chigaba chinosvika stacker chinoshandiswa pakubata uye kurongedza 20 uye 40 tsoka dzinorema midziyo, nekuda kwekuonekwa kwayo kwakanaka, inogona kusimudzwa mhiri kwezvitima zvemagaba, ine basa rekuisa mitsara yechipiri neyechitatu yemidziyo, uye inomhanya zvakanaka, uye zvishoma nezvishoma ichatsiva inorema midziyo yeAerial yebasa rori.