Kev txhim kho keeb kwm thiab tam sim no qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb

1. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb aerial platform tau pib thaum xyoo 1950s, thaum nws tsuas yog ua raws li cov khoom qub qub Soviet Union.Los ntawm lig 1970s mus rau nruab nrab 1980s, tag nrho cov kev lag luam tau teeb tsa ob qho kev sib koom ua ke.Txhua lub chaw tsim khoom siv dav hlau ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm cov thev naus laus zis txawv teb chaws.Piv txwv li, Beijing Aerial Operating Vehicle Plant tau qhia txog kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm Nyiv Mitsubishi 15t combustion counterbalanced aerial operating tsheb.Dalian High-altitude Operating Vehicle General Factory qhia txog kev siv tshuab ntawm Nyiv Mitsubishi 1040t internal combustion counterbalanced aerial operating tsheb thiab thawv aerial operating tsheb technology, Tianjin Aerial Operating Vehicle General Factory qhia lub tuam txhab Bulgarian Balkan tsheb tuam txhab 1.256.3t Hangzhou kev khiav hauj lwm hauv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. & K lub tuam txhab hydrostatic tsav aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb, off-road aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb thiab hluav taws xob aerial ua hauj lwm technology, Hefei aerial chaw ua hauj lwm cog, Baoji aerial ua hauj lwm tuam txhab tswv yim Japanese TCM Corporation 110t aerial ua hauj lwm technology, Hunan aerial ua hauj lwm tuam txhab Qhia lub internal combustion explosion-proof device technology ntawm lub British Pleban Machinery Company.Pib txij xyoo 1990, qee lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb tau sau thiab kho lawv cov khoom raws li kev zom thiab nqus cov thev naus laus zis.Yog li ntawd, tam sim no cov txuj ci theem ntawm domestically-ua aerial tsheb yog uneven.Ntawm lawv, vim muaj kev txwv ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis rov qab, tag nrho qib ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv hluav taws xob yog qhov txawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb qib siab.Nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau xa tawm ze li ntawm 200 lab nyiaj daus las ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm dav hlau txhua xyoo.Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj lub dav hlau ua haujlwm tsheb tuaj yeem sib tw hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab nyob twj ywm invincible hauv kev sib tw nrog lub ntiaj teb cov neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws yuav nyob ntawm kev txhim kho tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev txhim kho sai ntawm hluav taws xob aerial ua haujlwm tsheb.

2 Kev txheeb xyuas kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws

Nws tau kwv yees tias muaj txog 250 qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm tsheb tuam txhab lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, nrog rau txhua xyoo ntim ntawm 500,000 units.Vim muaj kev sib tw hnyav, piv nrog rau xyoo 1980, lub ntiaj teb kev lag luam dav hlau khiav lag luam tau pom qhov tshwm sim txawv txav ntawm kev muag khoom nce ntxiv thiab txo cov txiaj ntsig.Ntawm qhov tod tes, txhawm rau txo cov nqi, cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws tau tsim cov chaw tsim khoom hauv kev txhim kho.Piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj tau tsim Xiamen Linde, Anhui TCM Beijing Halla, Hunan Destar, Yantai Daewoo Hnyav Kev Lag Luam, thiab Shanghai Hyster.Cov tuam txhab no tau coj lub ntiaj teb cov khoom lag luam thiab cov thev naus laus zis hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990 mus rau lub teb chaws, uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub teb chaws lub dav hlau ua haujlwm tsheb tshuab, thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev lag luam hauv tsev.Ntawm qhov tod tes, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam, cov xwm txheej thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv tshuab logistics hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam tau dhau los ua kom pom tseeb, thiab kev nkag mus ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau tau nce siab thiab siab dua.Nws tau nkag mus rau ntau yam kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam los ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj ib zaug dhau los.kev lag luam.Cov khoom muag tam sim no ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv huab cua hauv kuv lub tebchaws yog kwv yees li 180,000 units, thiab qhov kev xav tau txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 100,000 units, thaum lub sijhawm muag khoom txhua xyoo tsuas yog kwv yees li 30,000 units.Nws tuaj yeem pom tias Tuam Tshoj lub dav hlau ua haujlwm tsheb lag luam loj heev

Nrog tib neeg txoj kev nkag siab tob txog kev phom sij ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb.Yog li ntawd, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg aerial tsheb yuav dhau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm kev ua lag luam;Thib ob, kev tsim cov tshuab cia tsis siv neeg thiab cov khw muag khoom loj tau nplij siab rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.Kev loj hlob ntawm kev thov thiab kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab hluav taws xob aerial platforms, rau pem hauv ntej-txav aerial platforms, nqaim-txoj kab aerial platforms thiab lwm yam cia machinery yog lwm feature ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej aerial platform kev ua lag luam;Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb kev koom ua ke yuav muaj tseeb Lub thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau ua rau muaj kev lag luam loj hlob ntawm cov teb chaws thiab hauv cov teb chaws.Qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias lub ntiaj teb lub thawv ntim tau nce ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li 30% txhua xyoo.Kev nce hauv kev lag luam yuav txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm niaj hnub ntim ntim thiab cov khoom siv stacking.

3 Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb technology

3.1 Serialization thiab diversification ntawm cov khoom

Raws li cov txheej txheem kev faib tawm ntawm American Industrial Vehicle Association, lub dav hlau ua haujlwm tau muab faib ua 123456 thiab 77 pawg, uas yog cov tsheb siv hluav taws xob caij dav hlau, hluav taws xob nqaim aerial tsheb khiav lag luam, hluav taws xob pallet tsheb thauj khoom, thiab sab hauv combustion counterbalanced khoom log tsheb aerial khiav lag luam., Internal combustion counterbalanced pneumatic log aerial kev khiav hauj lwm tsheb, hluav taws xob thiab internal combustion caij trailers thiab off-road aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb.Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1999, American "Modern Material Handling" magazine hu ua lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj 20 lub tuam txhab kev khiav hauj lwm dav hlau, ntawm cov 10 lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam saum toj kawg nkaus Lind12, 3, 4, 5 thiab 6Toyota12, 3, 4, 5 thiab 6Nacco / MHG12, 3s, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2. 3, 4 thiab 5Mitsubshi/Caterpillar12, 3, 4 thiab 5Crown12, 3Komatsu12, 3, 4 thiab 5Nissan12, 3, 4 thiab 5TCM14 thiab 5 lwm yam khoom ntau yam thiab series kuj zoo heev ua kom tiav, xws li lub tuam txhab German Linde muaj peerial, liquefied lub tsheb ua hauj lwm, liquefied tsheb. tsheb, stacking tsheb, xaiv tsheb, frontal aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb, hluav taws xob tsheb laij teb, thiab lwm yam. ze li ntawm 110 hom;thaum nyob hauv Suav teb * Anhui Aerial Operating Vehicle Group, lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm dav hlau loj, tsim 116t, 15 qib, 80 qauv ntawm ntau tshaj 400 ntau yam ntawm cov tsheb khiav haujlwm.Txhua lub tuam txhab kev lag luam dav hlau siv kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam kom haum rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv sib txawv, cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm sib txawv, thiab tso tawm cov qauv tshiab thiab cov qauv tshiab ib ntus kom tau raws li tus neeg yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov neeg siv ntau yam thiab cov khoom siv me me.

3.2 Greening txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm high-altitude kev khiav hauj lwm tsheb fais fab technology

Aerial kev khiav hauj lwm tsheb tau muab faib ua internal combustion aerial operating tsheb thiab hluav taws xob aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb.Lub tsheb sab hauv combustion aerial ua hauj lwm lub tsheb yog powered los ntawm ib tug engine, muaj zog muaj zog thiab ntau yam kev siv.Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tso pa tawm thiab suab nrov ua rau ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog thev naus laus zis: TCM hloov kho 3.58t diesel aerial ua haujlwm tsheb hauv xyoo 1970s, hloov lub preheating combustion chamber rau kev txhaj tshuaj ncaj qha, txuag 17% mus rau 20% roj;Perkins lub cav pib lub di ncauj tiaj tus nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1980s Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s, lub German Deute tuam txhab tsim lub F913G tshwj xeeb diesel cav rau high-altitude kev khiav hauj lwm tsheb, uas txuag roj los ntawm 60% thiab txo suab nrov los ntawm 6dB.Sweden launched ib lub diesel-roj teeb hybrid high-altitude khiav hauj lwm tsheb;Hauv xyoo 1990, LPG Low-pollution high-altitude operation tsheb xws li LPG aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb, compressed natural gas CNG aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb, thiab propane aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob muaj zog.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hauv huab cua muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws xws li kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob siab, tsis muaj pa emissions, thiab suab nrov tsawg.Lawv yog cov cuab yeej nyiam rau kev tuav cov khoom siv sab hauv tsev, tab sis lawv raug txwv los ntawm cov roj teeb muaj peev xwm, tsis muaj zog thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv.Tam sim no, ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tab tom txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv lead-acid roj teeb los ntawm ib ntus, thiab los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv purity, nws tau txhim kho zoo heev rau cov xov tooj ntawm recharges, muaj peev xwm thiab hluav taws xob efficiency.Vim kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab, hluav taws xob aerial tsheb ua haujlwm tam sim no tau tawg los ntawm kev txwv uas lawv tsuas yog siv tau rau kev ua haujlwm me me xwb.Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb tau suav txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv dav hlau ua haujlwm, hauv tsev 10% 15%, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab qee qhov Western European * hluav taws xob aerial ua haujlwm tsheb suav txog li 65%.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, high-altitude kev khiav hauj lwm tsheb yuav dav siv hluav taws xob combustion txhaj tshuaj thiab siv rail technology.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cav pa catalysis thiab purification technology yuav zoo txo ​​cov pa phem thiab cov emissions.Roj av khiav hauj lwm tsheb xws li LPGCNG thiab hybrid aerial ua hauj lwm tsheb yuav tsim ntxiv.Nrog rau kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam txhab loj, cov roj teeb tshiab ntawm tes yuav kov yeej cov nqi tsis zoo thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam hauv batch.Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb tsheb loj loj tau koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsheb fais fab.Kev siv hluav taws xob tsheb fais fab, kev sib kis, kev tswj hwm, kev nyab xeeb thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis rau cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv huab cua yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb hluav taws xob aerial ua haujlwm.

3.3 Daim ntawv thov kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab hydraulics

Kev txhim kho thiab siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab microelectronics, sensor technology, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua technology yuav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev lag luam tsheb dav hlau, ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, tswj, thiab automation ntawm tag nrho lub tshuab thiab lub cev.Ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuab, hluav taws xob thiab hydraulics ze dua.Kev txhim kho yav tom ntej ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm nws cov tshuab hluav taws xob.

Kev paub txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm mechatronics thiab hydraulics nrog microprocessor raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsheb ua haujlwm hauv huab cua yav tom ntej, uas yog, nrog microprocessor ua lub hauv paus, kev tswj yuav txhim kho los ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv zos mus rau kev sib txuas, kom tag nrho lub tsheb muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntse ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm huab cua.Rau cov tsheb hluav taws xob, cov kev tswj xyuas kev ceev ceev tau raug tshem tawm, thiab MOSFET transistor tshiab tau siv dav vim tias nws lub rooj vag qis * tsav tam sim no, cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, thiab software thiab kho vajtse tsis siv neeg kho thiab kho vajtse kho tus kheej ua haujlwm.Series excitation thiab cais excitation controllers tseem yog cov khoom lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab AC tswj tshuab yog nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos.Nrog rau kev txo tus nqi ntawm AC ceev tswj qhov system thiab lub naiveness ntawm kaw AC lub cev muaj zog tshuab, AC lub cev muaj zog aerial platform yuav hloov DC lub cev muaj zog aerial platform vim nws lub zog siab thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.Kev siv hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob thiab lub zog hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm 25%.Raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau khiav lag luam, lub cev muaj zog ceev tuaj yeem tswj tau raws sijhawm, kev ntsuas zoo rau kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab txo suab nrov ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm.Tsis tas li ntawd, MOSFET transistors tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm 20% piv nrog cov kev tswj ceev ceev.Tso tawm regenerative braking tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm 5% mus rau 8%.Siv hydraulic lub cev muaj zog tswj thiab thauj khoom muaj peev xwm rov qab siv tshuab tuaj yeem txuag hluav taws xob los ntawm 20% thiab 5% feem.

3.4 Siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm anthropology mus nrhiav kev tswj kev nplij siab

Txhua lub tuam txhab kev lag luam dav hlau ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txhim kho tib neeg-tshuab interface ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kom tswj tau yooj yim, txuag zog, ceev thiab raug, thiab muab kev ua si tag nrho rau tib neeg-tshuab ua haujlwm.Piv txwv li, nws yog nruab nrog qhov muag-catching cov twj paj nruag thiab lub tswb ntsuas kom paub txog kab kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm;lub nkoj ntab tuaj yeem txav tau thiab tsa kom tus tswv xeev tuaj yeem tau txais ntau yam kev pom;centralized kov tswj hloov ntau yam tswj, thiab hluav taws xob tswj hloov phau ntawv tswj;Thiab maj mam siv cov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab qhov siab qhia qhov siab raws li tus qauv kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm siab nqa dav hlau.

3.5 Muaj qauv tsim qauv

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov tuam txhab loj tau qhia cov qauv tshiab nrog qhov muag pom, qhia txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom dav hlau ua tsheb.Streamlined, loj arc hloov pauv thiab ci thiab sib koom ua ke xim txuam.Nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tshuab computer, kev tsim qauv tsim qauv, qauv qauv peb-seem, kev tsim qauv sai thiab lwm yam kev tsim qauv siab heev thiab kev siv cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siab heev, kev ua qauv ntawm cov tsheb ua haujlwm hauv dav hlau yuav dhau los ua ntau thiab ntau yam tshiab thiab cov yam ntxwv.

3.6 Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, kev cia siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm

Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm.Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb yooj yim xws li chaw nres tsheb, tsav tsheb braking, rau pem hauv ntej tilting nws tus kheej-locking, thiab txo qis kev txwv, nws tau nruab nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo saib xyuas, dynamic braking system, anti-rollover system, thiab kev siv peb txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tswj hluav taws xob, hydraulic thiab mechanical.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho thiab kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub dav hlau khiav lag luam los txhim kho kev txawj ntse.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg, qhov tseem ceeb yog muab tso rau qhov yooj yim ntawm disassembly thiab sib dhos, sib dhos ntawm cov khoom, centralized refueling, tshuaj xyuas thiab saib xyuas, txhim kho kev nkag mus tau ntawm cov khoom, thiab txo cov khoom tu.

3.7 Kev txhim kho ntawm lub thawv dav hlau ua haujlwm lub tsheb thiab cov thawv ntim khoom ntim

Tam sim no, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawv tuav thiab cov khoom siv stacking yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Europe, xws li KalmarSMV hauv Sweden, BelottiCVSFantuzzi hauv ltalis, PPM hauv Fabkis, SISUValmet hauv Finland, thiab Linde hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.Muaj tsuas yog ib qho chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev ntawm lub thawv rau lub dav hlau ua haujlwm, thiab tsuas yog ob lub tuam txhab ntawm cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag, tsuas yog tso siab rau kev xa khoom.Cov tsheb thauj khoom dav hlau ua haujlwm tseem yog cov cuab yeej siv tsis tau rau kev tuav thiab ntim cov thawv khoob hauv txhua lub thawv ntim cov chaw nres nkoj, cov chaw nres tsheb, thiab cov chaw hloov chaw, thiab cov txheej txheem stacking tau nce zuj zus.Lub thawv ncav cuag stacker siv rau tuav thiab stacking 20 thiab 40 ko taw hnyav ntim, vim nws qhov pom kev zoo, tuaj yeem nqa thoob plaws lub thawv tsheb ciav hlau, muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm stacking ob thiab peb kab ntawm cov thawv, thiab khiav smoothly, thiab yuav maj mam hloov cov thawv hnyav hnyav Aerial ua haujlwm tsheb.