Tarihin ci gaba da halin da ake ciki na masana'antar kera jiragen sama na duniya

1. Masana'antar dandamalin sararin samaniya ta duniya ta fara ne a ƙarshen 1950s, lokacin da ta fi kwaikwayi kayayyakin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet.Daga ƙarshen 1970s zuwa tsakiyar 1980s, duk masana'antar sun shirya ƙirar haɗin gwiwa guda biyu.Kowane mai kera motocin da ke sarrafa iska ya gabatar da fasahar ketare ta ci gaba.Misali, kamfanin sarrafa ababen hawa na Beijing ya gabatar da fasahar konewar Motar Mitsubishi 15t ta Japan mai daidaita daidaiton abin hawa.Dalian High-altitude Operating Vehicle General Factory ya gabatar da fasaha na Mitsubishi 1040t na Japan na ciki konewa counterbalanced m aiki abin hawa da kwantena m aiki fasahar, Tianjin Aerial Aiki Vehicle General Factory gabatar da Bulgarian Balkan Vehicle Company 1.256.3t na ciki konewa aerial fasaha da Jamusanci OPERINGVILE fasahar kamfanin ta hydrostatic drive m aikin abin hawa, kashe-hanya m aikin abin hawa da lantarki m aikin fasaha, Hefei m aikin shuka, Baoji m aikin kamfanin ya gabatar da Japan TCM Corporation 110t m aikin fasaha, Hunan m aikin kamfanin Ya gabatar da ciki konewa-hujja na'urar fasaha na Birtaniya Pleban Machinery Company.Tun daga shekarun 1990s, wasu manyan masana'antu suna tarawa da haɓaka samfuran su bisa tushen narkewa da ɗaukar fasahohin da aka shigo da su.Don haka, matakin fasaha na yanzu na motocin jirage na cikin gida bai yi daidai ba.Daga cikin su, saboda takurewar fasaha na baya-bayan nan, gaba dayan matakan motocin aikin iska na lantarki ya sha bamban da matakin ci gaba na duniya.Har yanzu ya zama dole a shigo da motocin aikin jirage na kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 200 duk shekara.Ko motocin aikin jiragen sama na kasar Sin za su iya yin takara a kasuwannin duniya, kuma su kasance ba za su iya yin nasara a gasar tare da manyan 'yan wasa na duniya ba, zai dogara ne kan yadda za a samu ingantuwar fasahar kere-kere na motocin dakon jiragen sama, musamman ma saurin bunkasar motocin aikin iska mai amfani da wutar lantarki.

2 Binciken kasuwannin cikin gida da na waje

An yi hasashen cewa akwai masana'antun kera motoci masu tsayi sama da 250 a duniya, tare da yawan samar da kayayyaki na shekara-shekara na raka'a 500,000.Saboda tsananin gasa, idan aka kwatanta da shekarun 1980, masana'antar kera jiragen sama ta duniya sun nuna wani mummunan al'amari na karuwar tallace-tallace da raguwar riba.A gefe guda, don rage farashi, manyan motocin da ke aiki masu tsayi sun gina masana'antu don haɓakawa.Misali, kasar Sin ta gina Xiamen Linde, Anhui TCM Beijing Halla, Hunan Destar, Yantai Daewoo Heavy Industry, da Shanghai Hyster.Wadannan kamfanoni sun kawo kayayyaki da fasahohin zamani na duniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1990 zuwa kasar, wadanda suka sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar fasahar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasar, da kuma haifar da babban tasiri a kasuwannin cikin gida.A daya hannun kuma, tare da bunkasar tattalin arzikin kasuwa, matsayi da rawar da fasahar kere-kere ke takawa wajen ci gaban tattalin arziki ya kara fitowa fili, kuma yawan shigar motocin da ke aikin jiragen sama ya karu.Ya shiga sassa daban-daban na tattalin arzikin kasa daga tashar tashar jiragen ruwa guda daya a baya.masana'antu.A halin yanzu kayan aikin motocin jirage a cikin ƙasata kusan raka'a 180,000 ne, kuma ainihin abin da ake buƙata na shekara-shekara kusan raka'a 100,000 ne, yayin da adadin tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara kusan raka'a 30,000 ne kawai.Ana iya ganin cewa, kasuwar motocin aikin jiragen sama ta kasar Sin tana da girma

Tare da zurfin fahimtar mutane game da haɗari na gurɓataccen muhalli, kare muhalli ya zama abin damuwa a duniya.Don haka, motocin da ba su dace da muhalli ba za su zama babban kasuwa;na biyu, kafa tsarin ajiya ta atomatik da manyan kantunan kantuna ya kwantar da hankali ga injin sarrafa cikin gida.Haɓaka cikin buƙatu da saurin haɓakar manyan dandamali na iskar lantarki mai ƙarfi, dandamali mai motsi gaba, kunkuntar layin sararin samaniya da sauran injunan ajiya wani nau'i ne na kasuwar dandamalin iska a nan gaba;Bugu da kari, hadewar tattalin arzikin duniya tabbas zai Hakurin da masana'antun duniya ke yi ya haifar da karuwar ciniki tsakanin kasashe da tsakanin kasashe.Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa yawan kwantena a duniya yana karuwa da kusan kashi 30% kowace shekara.Haɓaka kasuwancin zai haɓaka haɓakar saurin sarrafa kwantena na zamani da kayan tarawa.

3 Haɓaka yanayin fasahar abin hawa aikin iska na zamani

3.1 Serialization da diversification na kayayyakin

Dangane da hanyar rarrabuwa na Associationungiyar Motocin Masana'antu ta Amurka, an raba motocin da ke aiki da iska zuwa nau'ikan 123456 da nau'ikan 77, waɗanda ke hawa kan iska na lantarki, motocin kunkuntar layin lantarki, manyan motocin pallet na lantarki, da konewa na ciki sun daidaita daidaitattun motocin iska masu ƙarfi., Ciki konewa counter balanced pneumatic taya iska iska masu aiki, lantarki da ciki konewa hawa tirela da kuma kashe-hanya aiki iska.A watan Yuli na shekarar 1999, kayan aikin Amurka "mujallar" mujallu, 3, 4, 4Jungdustric12, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5 da 5. 4 da 5crown12, 3komatsu12, 3, 4 da 5 da 5Ts issan14, 3TcM14 da 5 wasu iri na Jamusanci, motocin Linde Aerial, motocin da ke gaba da aiki, da sauransu. Kusan nau'ikan 110;;yayin da a kasar Sin *Anhui Aerial Operating Vehicle Group, wani babban kamfanin kera ababen hawa na iska, ya kera maki 116t, 15, nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan motocin sama da 400 fiye da 400.All m aiki abin hawa kamfanonin amfani da diversification na samfurin iri da kuma jerin zuwa cikakken daidaita da bukatun daban-daban masu amfani, daban-daban aiki abubuwa da daban-daban aiki yanayin, da kuma kaddamar da sabon Tsarin da sabon model daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don saduwa da mutum bukatun na masu amfani da mahara iri da kananan batches .

3.2 Greening yana haɓaka haɓaka fasahar ƙarfin abin hawa mai tsayi mai tsayi

Motocin da ke aiki da iska sun kasu zuwa cikin motocin da ke aiki da iska mai ƙonewa da kuma motocin da ke aiki da iska mai amfani da wutar lantarki.Motar aikin iska mai ƙonewa tana aiki da injin, tare da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da aikace-aikace iri-iri.Lalacewar iskar gas da hayaniya suna gurbata muhalli kuma suna cutar da lafiyar dan adam.Bukatun kariyar muhalli suna haɓaka haɓakar fasahar wutar lantarki: TCM ta sabunta motar aikin iskar dizal ta 3.58t a cikin 1970s, tana canza ɗakin konewar preheating zuwa allurar kai tsaye, adana 17% zuwa 20% na man fetur;Injin Perkins ya ƙaddamar da leɓe mai laushi a farkon shekarun 1980 A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, kamfanin Deute na Jamus ya ƙera injin dizal na musamman na F913G don manyan motoci masu aiki da tsayi, wanda ke adana mai da kashi 60% kuma yana rage hayaniya da 6dB.Sweden ta ƙaddamar da motar batir ɗin diesel-batir mai tsayi mai tsayi mai aiki;a cikin 1990s, LPG Low-pollution high-altitudes aiki motoci kamar LPG aerial aerial motocin, matse iskar gas CNG aerial motocin, da propane aerial aerial motocin suna kan kasuwa, kuma ci gaban da ci gaban su ne mai karfi.

Motocin aikin iska na lantarki suna da fa'idodi na ban mamaki kamar ingantaccen canjin makamashi, babu hayakin hayaki, da ƙaramar hayaniya.Su ne kayan aikin da aka fi so don sarrafa kayan cikin gida, amma an iyakance su ta ƙarfin baturi, ƙarancin ƙarfi da ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki.A halin yanzu, a gida da waje suna inganta fasahar batirin gubar-acid daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma ta hanyar inganta tsabtar kayan aiki, ya inganta yawan caji, iya aiki da ingancin wutar lantarki.Saboda ci gaban fasaha, motocin aikin iska na lantarki a yanzu sun karya ta hanyar iyakance cewa za a iya amfani da su don ƙananan ayyukan ton.A halin yanzu, fitar da motocin aikin iska mai amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya ya kai kashi 40% na adadin motocin aikin iska, kashi 10% na cikin gida 15%, Jamus, Italiya da wasu motocin aikin iska na yammacin Turai* sun kai kashi 65%.

A nan gaba, manyan motocin da ke aiki da tsayin daka za su yi amfani da allurar konewa na lantarki da fasahar layin dogo ta gama gari.Haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar injuna da fasahar tsarkakewa za ta rage yawan iskar gas mai cutarwa yadda ya kamata.Za a ƙara haɓaka motocin da ke aiki da iskar mai kamar LPGCNG da kuma motocin iska masu haɗaka.Tare da ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa na manyan kamfanoni, sabon ƙwayar mai na baturi zai shawo kan matsalolin farashin kuma ya shiga kasuwa a cikin batches.A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanonin kera motoci na duniya suna aiki tare a kan binciken motocin lantarki.Aiwatar da wutar lantarki, watsawa, sarrafawa, aminci da sauran fasahohin zuwa motocin aikin iska za su yi canji mai inganci a cikin ayyukan motocin aikin iska na lantarki.

3.3 Aikace-aikacen ceton makamashi da haɓaka fasahar fasaha na injiniyoyi da na'urorin lantarki

Haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen fasaha na microelectronics, fasahar firikwensin, da fasahar sarrafa bayanai za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka matakin gabaɗayan masana'antar kera jiragen sama, fahimtar ayyukan fili, da tabbatar da aminci, sarrafawa, da sarrafa injina da tsarin gabaɗaya.Sanya haɗin kai na lantarki da injina, lantarki da na'ura mai aiki da ruwa kusa.Haɓakawa na gaba na motocin aikin iska yana cikin matakin aikace-aikacen fasahar lantarki.

Gane hadewar mechatronics da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tare da microprocessor a matsayin core shi ne babban shugabanci ga ci gaban da kula da tsarin na m aikin abin hawa a nan gaba, wato, tare da microprocessor a matsayin core, da iko zai ci gaba daga gida iko zuwa networked, sabõda haka, dukan abin hawa iya kula da mafi kyau yanayin aiki , Don gane da hankali aiki trucks aerial.Don motocin lantarki, an kawar da mai kula da saurin juriya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma sabon transistor MOSFET an yi amfani da shi sosai saboda ƙarancin ƙofa * tuƙi na yanzu, kyawawan halayen sarrafawa, da software da hardware kulawa ta atomatik da ayyukan tantance kai na hardware.Jadawalin tashin hankali da masu sarrafa tashin hankali daban-daban har yanzu sune manyan samfuran a kasuwa, kuma fasahar sarrafa AC tana cikin ƙuruciyarta.Tare da raguwar farashin tsarin kula da saurin AC da rashin hankali na rufaffiyar fasahar motar AC, tashar motar AC za ta maye gurbin dandali na iska na DC saboda ƙarfinsa da kuma kyakkyawan aikin kulawa.Yin amfani da tsarin tuƙi na lantarki da ƙimar sarrafa wutar lantarki na iya adana makamashi da kashi 25%.Dangane da yanayin aiki na motocin da ke aiki da iska, ana iya sarrafa saurin motar a kan lokaci, ma'auni mai inganci don ceton makamashi da rage amo na motocin da ke aiki da iska.Bugu da kari, MOSFET transistor na iya adana makamashi da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da tsarin saurin juriya.Sakin birki na sabuntawa zai iya adana makamashi da 5% zuwa 8%.Yin amfani da na'ura mai kula da injin hydraulic da ɗora yuwuwar fasahar dawo da makamashi na iya adana kuzari da kashi 20% da 5% bi da bi.

3.4 Yi amfani da ƙa'idodin ilimin ɗan adam don bin ta'aziyyar sarrafawa

Kowane kamfani na abin hawa mai aiki na iska yana haɓakawa da haɓaka ƙirar ɗan adam-na'ura na abin hawa mai aiki da iska daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don yin sarrafawa mai sauƙi, ceton aiki, sauri da daidaito, da ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga ingantacciyar injin-na'ura.Alal misali, an sanye shi da kayan aiki na dijital masu kama ido da na'urorin ƙararrawa don gane layin kula da yanayin aiki;Ana iya motsa motar da ke iyo a ɗagawa domin gwamna ya sami cikakkiyar hangen nesa;Ƙarƙashin kulawa na tsakiya ya maye gurbin sarrafawa da yawa, kuma sarrafa lantarki ya maye gurbin kulawar hannu;Kuma sannu a hankali yi amfani da na'urorin saka idanu na lantarki da nunin tsayi a matsayin daidaitaccen tsari na manyan motocin aikin iska masu ɗagawa.

3.5 Tsarin ƙirar masana'antu

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan kamfanoni sun gabatar da sababbin samfura tare da bayyanar ido, suna nuna yanayin ci gaba na manyan motocin aikin iska a matsayin motoci.Sauƙaƙe, babban canji na baka da haske da daidaita launi.Tare da haɓaka fasahar kwamfuta, ƙirar ƙira mai kama-da-wane, ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi mai girma uku, saurin samfuri da sauran hanyoyin ƙira na ci gaba da aikace-aikacen fasahar masana'anta na ci gaba, ƙirar motocin aikin iska za su ƙara haɓaka da haɓaka.

3.6 Kula da aminci, amintacce da kiyaye abubuwan hawa masu aiki da iska

Tabbatar da amincin direba ya kasance babban abin la'akari ga masu zanen motocin aikin iska.Baya ga matakan tsaro na asali kamar filin ajiye motoci, birki na tuƙi, karkatar da kai tsaye, da rage ƙayyadaddun saurin gudu, an sanye shi da tsarin sa ido mai cikakken aiki, tsarin birki mai ƙarfi, tsarin hana juyewa, da yin amfani da saiti masu zaman kansu guda uku na sarrafa lantarki, na'ura mai ƙarfi da injina Tsarin birki yana inganta aminci da amincin abin hawa sosai.A sa'i daya kuma, ci gaba da amfani da fasahar lantarki ya ba da damar bincike kan amincin motocin da ke aiki da iska don bunkasa ta hanyar hankali.Dangane da inganta kiyayewa, ana ba da fifiko kan sauƙaƙe rarrabuwa da haɗawa, haɗa abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, mai daɗaɗɗen mai, dubawa da saka idanu, ingantaccen samun damar abubuwan da aka haɗa, da rage abubuwan kulawa.

3.7 Haɓaka motocin aikin kwantena da kwantena sun kai ga ma'auni

A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun sarrafa kwantena da kayan tarawa sun ta'allaka ne a Turai, kamar KalmarSMV a Sweden, BelottiCVSFantuzzi a Italiya, PPM a Faransa, SISUValmet a Finland, da Linde a Jamus.Akwai masana'antun cikin gida guda ɗaya na motocin aikin kwantena, kuma masana'antun guda biyu ne kawai na masu bazuwar isar da sako, galibi suna dogaro da shigo da kaya.Motocin aikin kwantena har yanzu kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don sarrafawa da tara kwantena marasa komai a duk tashoshin ruwan kwantena, tashoshi, da tashoshin canja wuri, kuma adadin yadudduka na karuwa.Akwatin ya isa stacker da aka yi amfani da shi don sarrafawa da tara manyan kwantena masu nauyi ƙafa 20 da 40, saboda kyakkyawar ganinsa, ana iya ɗagawa a cikin jiragen kasan kwantena, yana da aikin tattara layuka na biyu da na uku na kwantena, kuma yana gudana cikin sauƙi, kuma sannu a hankali zai maye gurbin manyan kwantena masu nauyi Motar aikin iska.